    PGSQL_TABLE(5)                                                  PGSQL_TABLE(5)

    NAME
           pgsql_table - Postfix PostgreSQL client configuration

    SYNOPSIS
           postmap -q "string" pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename

           postmap -q - pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile

    DESCRIPTION
           The  Postfix  mail system uses optional tables for address rewriting or
           mail routing. These tables are usually in dbm or db format.

           Alternatively, lookup tables can be specified as PostgreSQL  databases.
           In  order  to  use  PostgreSQL lookups, define a PostgreSQL source as a
           lookup table in main.cf, for example:
               alias_maps = pgsql:/etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf

           The file /etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf has the same format as the Post-
           fix main.cf file, and can specify the parameters described below.

    LIST MEMBERSHIP
           When  using  SQL  to  store  lists such as $mynetworks, $mydestination,
           $relay_domains, $local_recipient_maps, etc., it is important to  under-
           stand that the table must store each list member as a separate key. The
           table lookup verifies the *existence* of the key.  See  "Postfix  lists
           versus tables" in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion.

           Do  NOT create tables that return the full list of domains in $mydesti-
           nation or $relay_domains etc., or IP addresses in $mynetworks.

           DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with an arbitrary
           value.  With  SQL databases it is not uncommon to return the key itself
           or a constant value.

    PGSQL PARAMETERS
           hosts  The hosts that Postfix will try to connect to  and  query  from.
                  Besides  a  postgresql://  connection URI, this setting supports
                  the historical forms unix:/pathname for UNIX-domain sockets  and
                  inet:host:port  for  TCP  connections, where the unix: and inet:
                  prefixes are accepted and ignored for  backwards  compatibility.
                  Examples:
                      hosts = postgresql://username@example.com/tablename?sslmode=require
                      hosts = inet:host1.some.domain inet:host2.some.domain:port
                      hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain:port
                      hosts = unix:/file/name

                  The  hosts  are tried in random order. The connections are auto-
                  matically closed after being idle for about 1  minute,  and  are
                  re-opened as necessary.

                  NOTE:  if "hosts" specifies one load balancer and no alternative
                  servers, specify the load balancer multiple times in the "hosts"
                  line.  Without the duplicate info, the Postfix PostgreSQL client
                  would not reconnect immediately to the same load balancer  after
                  a PostgreSQL server failure.

           user

           password
                  The  user name and password to log into the pgsql server.  Exam-
                  ple:
                      user = someone
                      password = some_password

           dbname The database name on the servers. Example:
                      dbname = customer_database

           encoding
                  The encoding used by the database client.  The  default  setting
                  is:
                      encoding = UTF8

                  Historically,  the  database client was hard coded to use LATIN1
                  in an attempt to disable multibyte character support.

                  This feature is available in Postfix 3.8 and later.

           idle_interval (default: 60)
                  The number of seconds after which an  idle  database  connection
                  will be closed.

                  This feature is available in Postfix 3.9 and later.

           retry_interval (default: 60)
                  The number of seconds that a database connection will be skipped
                  after an error.

                  This feature is available in Postfix 3.9 and later.

           query  The SQL query template used to search the database, where %s  is
                  a  substitute for the address Postfix is trying to resolve, e.g.
                      query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'

                  This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:

                  %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character. (Postfix 2.2
                         and later)

                  %s     This  is  replaced by the input key.  SQL quoting is used
                         to make sure that the input key does not  add  unexpected
                         metacharacters.

                  %u     When the input key is an address of the form user@domain,
                         %u is replaced by  the  SQL  quoted  local  part  of  the
                         address.   Otherwise, %u is replaced by the entire search
                         string.  If the localpart is empty,  the  query  is  sup-
                         pressed and returns no results.

                  %d     When the input key is an address of the form user@domain,
                         %d is replaced by the  SQL  quoted  domain  part  of  the
                         address.   Otherwise, the query is suppressed and returns
                         no results.

                  %[SUD] The upper-case equivalents of the above expansions behave
                         in  the  query  parameter identically to their lower-case
                         counter-parts.  With  the  result_format  parameter  (see
                         below),  they expand the input key rather than the result
                         value.

                         The above %S, %U and %D  expansions  are  available  with
                         Postfix 2.2 and later

                  %[1-9] The  patterns  %1,  %2, ... %9 are replaced by the corre-
                         sponding most significant component of  the  input  key's
                         domain.  If  the input key is user@mail.example.com, then
                         %1 is com, %2 is example and %3 is mail. If the input key
                         is  unqualified or does not have enough domain components
                         to satisfy all the specified patterns, the query is  sup-
                         pressed and returns no results.

                         The  above %1, ... %9 expansions are available with Post-
                         fix 2.2 and later

                  The domain parameter described below limits the  input  keys  to
                  addresses  in  matching  domains.  When  the domain parameter is
                  non-empty, SQL queries for unqualified addresses or addresses in
                  non-matching domains are suppressed and return no results.

                  The  precedence  of this parameter has changed with Postfix 2.2,
                  in prior releases the precedence was, from  highest  to  lowest,
                  select_function, query, select_field, ...

                  With Postfix 2.2 the query parameter has highest precedence, see
                  OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACES below.

                  NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.

           result_format (default: %s)
                  Format template applied to result attributes. Most commonly used
                  to  append  (or prepend) text to the result. This parameter sup-
                  ports the following '%' expansions:

                  %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

                  %s     This is replaced by the value of  the  result  attribute.
                         When result is empty it is skipped.

                  %u     When the result attribute value is an address of the form
                         user@domain, %u is replaced by  the  local  part  of  the
                         address.  When  the  result  has an empty localpart it is
                         skipped.

                  %d     When a result attribute value is an address of  the  form
                         user@domain,  %d  is  replaced  by the domain part of the
                         attribute value. When the result  is  unqualified  it  is
                         skipped.

                  %[SUD1-9]
                         The  upper-case  and decimal digit expansions interpolate
                         the parts of the input key rather than the result.  Their
                         behavior  is  identical to that described with query, and
                         in fact because  the  input  key  is  known  in  advance,
                         queries  whose  key  does not contain all the information
                         specified in  the  result  template  are  suppressed  and
                         return no results.

                  For example, using "result_format = smtp:[%s]" allows one to use
                  a mailHost attribute as the basis of a transport(5) table. After
                  applying  the result format, multiple values are concatenated as
                  comma  separated  strings.  The  expansion_limit  and  parameter
                  explained  below  allows one to restrict the number of values in
                  the result, which is especially useful for maps that must return
                  at most one value.

                  The  default value %s specifies that each result value should be
                  used as is.

                  This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

                  NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!

           domain (default: no domain list)
                  This is a list of domain names, paths to files, or  "type:table"
                  databases. When specified, only fully qualified search keys with
                  a *non-empty* localpart and a matching domain are  eligible  for
                  lookup:  'user'  lookups,  bare  domain  lookups  and  "@domain"
                  lookups are not performed. This  can  significantly  reduce  the
                  query load on the PostgreSQL server.
                      domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains

                  It  is best not to use SQL to store the domains eligible for SQL
                  lookups.

                  This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

                  NOTE: DO NOT define this parameter for local(8) aliases, because
                  the input keys are always unqualified.

           expansion_limit (default: 0)
                  A  limit  on  the total number of result elements returned (as a
                  comma separated list) by a lookup against the map.  A setting of
                  zero  disables the limit. Lookups fail with a temporary error if
                  the limit is exceeded.  Setting the  limit  to  1  ensures  that
                  lookups do not return multiple values.

    OBSOLETE MAIN.CF PARAMETERS
           For  compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables, PostgreSQL parame-
           ters can also be defined in main.cf.  In order to do that,  specify  as
           PostgreSQL source a name that doesn't begin with a slash or a dot.  The
           PostgreSQL parameters will then be accessible as the name you've  given
           the source in its definition, an underscore, and the name of the param-
           eter.  For example, if the map is specified as  "pgsql:pgsqlname",  the
           parameter "hosts" would be defined in main.cf as "pgsqlname_hosts".

           Note:  with  this  form,  the  passwords for the PostgreSQL sources are
           written in main.cf, which is normally world-readable.  Support for this
           form will be removed in a future Postfix version.

    OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACES
           This section describes query interfaces that are deprecated as of Post-
           fix 2.2.  Please migrate to the new query interface as the  old  inter-
           faces are slated to be phased out.

           select_function
                  This parameter specifies a database function name. Example:
                      select_function = my_lookup_user_alias

                  This is equivalent to:
                      query = SELECT my_lookup_user_alias('%s')

                  This   parameter   overrides  the  legacy  table-related  fields
                  (described below). With Postfix versions prior to 2.2,  it  also
                  overrides  the  query  parameter. Starting with Postfix 2.2, the
                  query parameter has highest precedence, and the  select_function
                  parameter is deprecated.

           The  following  parameters (with lower precedence than the select_func-
           tion interface described above) can be used to  build  the  SQL  select
           statement as follows:

               SELECT [select_field]
               FROM [table]
               WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
                     [additional_conditions]

           The  specifier %s is replaced with each lookup by the lookup key and is
           escaped so if it contains single quotes or  other  odd  characters,  it
           will not cause a parse error, or worse, a security problem.

           Starting with Postfix 2.2, this interface is obsoleted by the more gen-
           eral query interface described above. If higher precedence the query or
           select_function  parameters described above are defined, the parameters
           described here are ignored.

           select_field
                  The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
                      select_field = forw_addr

           table  The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
                      table = mxaliases

           where_field
                  The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
                      where_field = alias

           additional_conditions
                  Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
                      additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'

    SEE ALSO
           postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
           postconf(5), configuration parameters
           ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
           mysql_table(5), MySQL lookup tables
           sqlite_table(5), SQLite lookup tables

    README FILES
           DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
           PGSQL_README, Postfix PostgreSQL client guide

    LICENSE
           The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

    HISTORY
           PgSQL support was introduced with Postfix version 2.1.

    AUTHOR(S)
           Based on the MySQL client by:
           Scott Cotton, Joshua Marcus
           IC Group, Inc.

           Ported to PostgreSQL by:
           Aaron Sethman

           Further enhanced by:
           Liviu Daia
           Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
           P.O. BOX 1-764
           RO-014700 Bucharest, ROMANIA

                                                                    PGSQL_TABLE(5)