# Het handboek van &mancala;

A.H.M. Mahfuzur
Rahman

    65mahfuz90@gmail.com

&Freek.de.Kruijf;
2009-2010
A.H.M. Mahfuzur Rahman
2010-04-05
0.2

&mancala; is een opensource implementatie van een familie van bordspellen die over de gehele wereld worden gespeeld, genaamd &mancala; (van het Arabische woord naqala of letterlijk verplaatsen).

KDE
kdegames
spel
mancala
logica
bord
één speler

## Inleiding

### Speltype:

Logisch, bord

### Aantal mogelijke spelers:

Eén

Mancale is een bordspel voor één speler. Het is niet één spel, maar een verzameling van spellen.

Mancala heeft een bord nodig, enige kommetjes en stenen (stukjes) om mee te spelen. Het aantal kommetjes en stenen in elk kommetje kan van spel tot spel variëren. Als een bord niet beschikbaar is dan kan de grond of de tafel als een goedkope vervanging dienst doen. Op sommige plekken spelen de mensen met zeeschelpen in plaats van kommetjes of graven holletjes in de grond. De stukken (stenen) kan van alles zijn.

Mancala has quite a huge variety. Here, two row mancala game with 2 players has been adopted(one is human, another is computer).

## Hoe te spelen

### Doel:

Capture more stones than your opponent.

### Een spelletje starten

&mancala; Interface
&mancala; Interface.

This is the screenshot of what anyone will see if &mancala; is ran. It has quite a simple interface.

In the figure, you can see the kalah game. You can choose other games from the combobox or from File New Game Game Name.

#### Opmerking:

The detailed description of the game rules can be found in the Basic Concept and Game Specific Rules sections of this handbook.

If you like to restart the game any time, you can do it clicking File Restart Game or from the toolbar.

Game difficulty can also be chosen. Currently three difficulty levels are available: easy, moderate and hard. You can choose the level from the statusbar or just go to Settings Difficulty Level of difficulty.

Additionally, if you want to do something that is invalid in the game, there will be some message displayed on the statusbar. For example, if some cup is empty and you still want to move from there, there will be a message like Sorry, not enough stone to move.

### Basic Concept

&mancala; currently has seven games included. These are: kalah, oware, barbados_warri, bechi, dakon, sungka and chungka.

Before going to the detailed rules on each of them, I would like to tell the basic rules of mancala games available. Discussing every game is beyond the scope. I will only focus on the games that are included in this game.

All the two row games consist of a number of cups and a number of stones on each cup. The number of cups may vary from game to game. A player has some cups and a big cup which works as a storage. Stones moves from cup to cup, but if once put to the storage never comes back. It will be yours for lifetime.

We first define some criteria:

Minimum number of stones to sow

  The required number of stones in a cup for a valid move, varies from game to game. For example: in kalah, it is one, but in bechi it is 2.

Number of stones remains after sow

  After the move is made, in some game the cup becomes empty, but in others it requires to have a number of stones left. In kalah, cup becomes empty, in bechi 1 stone is left.

Movement direction

  In some games, player moves clockwise and in some other games he moves counter-clockwise. Conditional direction set is also allowed (in bechi).

Sowing

  The movement from a player is called sowing. When a player's turn comes, he has to select a cup, from where he is going to move/sow. Two different type of sowing is allowed here:

  - Single Lap: In games like kalah. When a player selects a cup for move and the cup has at least minimum number of stones to move, the number of stones needed to remain on the cup are left and others are distributed (one stone to each) to the following cups (in moving direction) or storages until stone is finished. If the last stone is on storage a bonus turn is possible (if allowed). A capture may be possible if the last stone is on player's cup (Cross Capture, if allowed) or in opponent's cup (Count and series Capture).

  - Multiple Lap: If the last stone from the first sow, is on any cup which makes the number of stones on the cup to make a valid move, then another sowing is done. This process goes until the stone is on any cup, from where move is invalid.

Bonus Turn

  In some game, bonus turn is allowed if the last stone is put on player's storage. Example: kalah.

Slaan

  Different types of capture is available in games. A precise description is below:

  - Cross Capture: If the last stone is on a cup (at the player's side) that was previously empty, then he can capture all the stones (if any) on the cup across at his opponent's side. Example: kalah.

  - Count Capture: If the last stone is on a cup of the opponent which makes the number of stone on the cup a specific number, then the stones on the cup can be captured. Example: In oware, if the number is 2 or 3 count capture possible.

  - Series Capture: If Count Capture is possible and the following or preceding cups (depends on the game) on the opponent also contains the same number of stones, then they are also captured until the law is broken. Examples: oware, barbados warri, bechi.

In this game, the first turn is of human (the player). The player's side is the lower side. When the turn of a player comes, he needs to sow. If capture is possible after sowing, then it is done. Or, if the player gets a bonus turn (if allowed), he get another chance. After the end of player's turn, computer gets it turn. The game continues this way. The goal of the game is to maximize the number of stones in your storage. When all the stones are finished game ends. The player who gets maximum stones is the winner.

### Game Specific Rules

The games differ in some ways. The differences are given below.

Kalah:

Regio
Verspreiden
Beweging
Minimum aantal te verspreiden stenen
Bordgrootte
Stones per Cup
Slaan
Bonus Turn
Midden-Oosten
enkel
linksom
1
2 x 6(2 rows, 6 cups in each row)
4
kruis
toegestaan

Oware:

Regio
Verspreiden
Beweging
Minimum aantal te verspreiden stenen
Bordgrootte
Stones per Cup
Slaan
Bonus Turn
Ghana
enkel
linksom
1
2 x 6
4
count and series (2 or 3)
niet toegestaan

Barbados Warri:

Regio
Verspreiden
Beweging
Minimum aantal te verspreiden stenen
Bordgrootte
Stones per Cup
Slaan
Bonus Turn
Barbados
enkel
linksom
1
2 x 6
4
count and series (2 or 3)
niet toegestaan

Bechi:

Regio
Verspreiden
Beweging
Minimum aantal te verspreiden stenen
Bordgrootte
Stones per Cup
Slaan
Bonus Turn
Eritrea (played by Kunama People)
enkel
conditional (movement from right hand tow holes of player -> counterclockwise, others -> clockwise)
2
2 x 4
6 (initially)
count, series (if even number of stones)
niet toegestaan

Dakon:

Regio
Verspreiden
Beweging
Minimum aantal te verspreiden stenen
Bordgrootte
Stones per Cup
Slaan
Bonus Turn
Java Island
meervoudig
linksom
2
2 x 7
7 (initially)
kruis
niet toegestaan

Chungka:

Regio
Verspreiden
Beweging
Minimum aantal te verspreiden stenen
Bordgrootte
Stones per Cup
Slaan
Bonus Turn
Mariana Islands (Oceania)
meervoudig
rechtsom
2
2 x 7
7
kruis
niet toegestaan

Sungka:

Regio
Verspreiden
Beweging
Minimum aantal te verspreiden stenen
Bordgrootte
Stones per Cup
Slaan
Bonus Turn
Filippijnen
meervoudig
rechtsom
2
2 x 7
7
kruis
toegestaan

### Tips en trucs

Some tips might be useful for the new players:

- Try to get a bonus turn, if allowed. Also, deprive your opponent from getting a bonus turn look for captures. A good capture of your opponent can throw you complete out of the game.

- This game is counting. So, if you can count well, you will be in better position.

Feel free to experiment and get the tricks. Happy game play...

## Dankbetuigingen en licentie

&mancala;

Programma copyright 2009-2010 A.H.M. Mahfuzur Rahman 65mahfuz90@gmail.com

Documentatie Copyright © 2010 A.H.M. Mahfuzur Rahman 65mahfuz90@gmail.com

&meld.fouten;&vertaling.freek; &underFDL; &underGPL;

## Installatie

### Hoe &mancala; te verkrijgen

&install.intro.documentation; &install.compile.documentation;

### Compilatie en installatie

&install.compile.documentation;

&documentation.index;