OilPvtThermal.hpp

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// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
  This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
 
  OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.
 
  OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.
 
  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with OPM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
  Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
  module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
  copyright holders.
*/
#ifndef OPM_OIL_PVT_THERMAL_HPP
#define OPM_OIL_PVT_THERMAL_HPP
 
#include <opm/material/common/Tabulated1DFunction.hpp>
 
#include <cstddef>
 
namespace Opm {
 
class EclipseState;
class Schedule;
 
template <class Scalar, bool enableThermal>
class OilPvtMultiplexer;

template <class Scalar>
class OilPvtThermal
{
public:
    using TabulatedOneDFunction = Tabulated1DFunction<Scalar>;
    using IsothermalPvt = OilPvtMultiplexer<Scalar, /*enableThermal=*/false>;
 
    OilPvtThermal() = default;
 
    OilPvtThermal(IsothermalPvt* isothermalPvt,
                  const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& oilvisctCurves,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefPress,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefRs,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& viscRef,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentRefTemp,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentCT1,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentCT2,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& oilJTRefPres,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& oilJTC,
                  const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& internalEnergyCurves,
                  bool enableThermalDensity,
                  bool enableJouleThomson,
                  bool enableThermalViscosity,
                  bool enableInternalEnergy)
        : isothermalPvt_(isothermalPvt)
        , oilvisctCurves_(oilvisctCurves)
        , viscrefPress_(viscrefPress)
        , viscrefRs_(viscrefRs)
        , viscRef_(viscRef)
        , oildentRefTemp_(oildentRefTemp)
        , oildentCT1_(oildentCT1)
        , oildentCT2_(oildentCT2)
        , oilJTRefPres_(oilJTRefPres)
        , oilJTC_(oilJTC)
        , internalEnergyCurves_(internalEnergyCurves)
        , enableThermalDensity_(enableThermalDensity)
        , enableJouleThomson_(enableJouleThomson)
        , enableThermalViscosity_(enableThermalViscosity)
        , enableInternalEnergy_(enableInternalEnergy)
    { }
 
    OilPvtThermal(const OilPvtThermal& data)
    { *this = data; }
 
    ~OilPvtThermal()
    { delete isothermalPvt_; }

    void initFromState(const EclipseState& eclState, const Schedule& schedule);

    void setNumRegions(std::size_t numRegions);
 
    void setVapPars(const Scalar par1, const Scalar par2)
    {
        isothermalPvt_->setVapPars(par1, par2);
    }

    void initEnd()
    { }

    bool enableThermalDensity() const
    { return enableThermalDensity_; }

    bool enableJouleThomson() const
    { return enableJouleThomson_; }

    bool enableThermalViscosity() const
    { return enableThermalViscosity_; }
 
    std::size_t numRegions() const
    { return viscrefRs_.size(); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation internalEnergy(unsigned regionIdx,
                              const Evaluation& temperature,
                              const Evaluation& pressure,
                              const Evaluation& Rs) const
    {
        if (!enableInternalEnergy_) {
            throw std::runtime_error("Requested the internal energy of oil but it is disabled");
        }
 
        if (!enableJouleThomson_) {
            // compute the specific internal energy for the specified tempature. We use linear
            // interpolation here despite the fact that the underlying heat capacities are
            // piecewise linear (which leads to a quadratic function)
            return internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        }
        else {
            OpmLog::warning("Experimental code for jouleThomson: simulation will be slower");
            Evaluation Tref = oildentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
            Evaluation Pref = oilJTRefPres_[regionIdx];
            Scalar JTC = oilJTC_[regionIdx]; // if JTC is default then JTC is calculated
 
            Evaluation invB = inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rs);
            Evaluation Cp = internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true)/temperature;
            Evaluation density = invB * (oilReferenceDensity(regionIdx) + Rs * rhoRefG_[regionIdx]);
 
            Evaluation enthalpyPres;
            if (JTC != 0) {
                enthalpyPres = -Cp * JTC * (pressure - Pref);
            }
            else if (enableThermalDensity_) {
                Scalar c1T = oildentCT1_[regionIdx];
                Scalar c2T = oildentCT2_[regionIdx];
 
                Evaluation alpha = (c1T + 2 * c2T * (temperature - Tref)) /
                    (1 + c1T  *(temperature - Tref) + c2T * (temperature - Tref) * (temperature - Tref));
 
                const int N = 100; // value is experimental
                Evaluation deltaP = (pressure - Pref) / N;
                Evaluation enthalpyPresPrev = 0;
                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
                    Evaluation Pnew = Pref + i * deltaP;
                    Evaluation rho = inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, Pnew, Rs) *
                                     (oilReferenceDensity(regionIdx) + Rs * rhoRefG_[regionIdx]) ;
                    // see e.g.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule-Thomson_effect for a derivation of the Joule-Thomson coeff.
                    Evaluation jouleThomsonCoefficient = -(1.0/Cp) * (1.0 - alpha * temperature)/rho;
                    Evaluation deltaEnthalpyPres = -Cp * jouleThomsonCoefficient * deltaP;
                    enthalpyPres = enthalpyPresPrev + deltaEnthalpyPres;
                    enthalpyPresPrev = enthalpyPres;
                }
            }
            else {
                throw std::runtime_error("Requested Joule-thomson calculation but thermal oil"
                                         "density (OILDENT) is not provided");
            }
 
            Evaluation enthalpy = Cp * (temperature - Tref) + enthalpyPres;
 
            return enthalpy - pressure/density;
        }
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation viscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                         const Evaluation& temperature,
                         const Evaluation& pressure,
                         const Evaluation& Rs) const
    {
        const auto& isothermalMu = isothermalPvt_->viscosity(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rs);
        if (!enableThermalViscosity()) {
            return isothermalMu;
        }
 
        // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
        const auto& muOilvisct = oilvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        return muOilvisct / viscRef_[regionIdx] * isothermalMu;
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedViscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation& temperature,
                                  const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        const auto& isothermalMu = isothermalPvt_->saturatedViscosity(regionIdx, temperature, pressure);
        if (!enableThermalViscosity()) {
            return isothermalMu;
        }
 
        // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
        const auto& muOilvisct = oilvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        return muOilvisct / viscRef_[regionIdx] * isothermalMu;
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation inverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                            const Evaluation& temperature,
                                            const Evaluation& pressure,
                                            const Evaluation& Rs) const
    {
        const auto& b =
            isothermalPvt_->inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rs);
 
        if (!enableThermalDensity()) {
            return b;
        }
 
        // we use the same approach as for the for water here, but with the OPM-specific
        // OILDENT keyword.
        Scalar TRef = oildentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT1 = oildentCT1_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT2 = oildentCT2_[regionIdx];
        const Evaluation& Y = temperature - TRef;
 
        return b / (1 + (cT1 + cT2 * Y) * Y);
    }

    template <class FluidState, class LhsEval = typename FluidState::ValueType>
    std::pair<LhsEval, LhsEval>
    inverseFormationVolumeFactorAndViscosity(const FluidState& fluidState, unsigned regionIdx)
    {
        auto [b, mu] = isothermalPvt_->inverseFormationVolumeFactorAndViscosity(fluidState, regionIdx);
        const LhsEval& temperature = decay<LhsEval>(fluidState.temperature(FluidState::oilPhaseIdx));
        if (enableThermalDensity()) {
            // we use the same approach as for the for water here, but with the OPM-specific
            // OILDENT keyword.
            Scalar TRef = oildentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
            Scalar cT1 = oildentCT1_[regionIdx];
            Scalar cT2 = oildentCT2_[regionIdx];
            const LhsEval Y = temperature - TRef;
            b /= (1.0 + (cT1 + cT2 * Y) * Y);
        }
        if (enableThermalViscosity()) {
            // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
            const auto muOilvisct = oilvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
            mu *= (muOilvisct / viscRef_[regionIdx]);
        }
        return { b, mu };
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedInverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                                     const Evaluation& temperature,
                                                     const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        const auto& b =
            isothermalPvt_->saturatedInverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure);
 
        if (!enableThermalDensity()) {
            return b;
        }
 
        // we use the same approach as for the for water here, but with the OPM-specific
        // OILDENT keyword.
        Scalar TRef = oildentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT1 = oildentCT1_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT2 = oildentCT2_[regionIdx];
        const Evaluation& Y = temperature - TRef;
 
        return b / (1 + (cT1 + cT2 * Y) * Y);
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedGasDissolutionFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                             const Evaluation& temperature,
                                             const Evaluation& pressure) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturatedGasDissolutionFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedGasDissolutionFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                             const Evaluation& temperature,
                                             const Evaluation& pressure,
                                             const Evaluation& oilSaturation,
                                             const Evaluation& maxOilSaturation) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturatedGasDissolutionFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, oilSaturation, maxOilSaturation); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturationPressure(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation& temperature,
                                  const Evaluation& pressure) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturationPressure(regionIdx, temperature, pressure); }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation diffusionCoefficient(const Evaluation& temperature,
                                    const Evaluation& pressure,
                                    unsigned compIdx) const
    {
        return isothermalPvt_->diffusionCoefficient(temperature, pressure, compIdx);
    }
 
    const IsothermalPvt* isoThermalPvt() const
    { return isothermalPvt_; }
 
    Scalar oilReferenceDensity(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->oilReferenceDensity(regionIdx); }
 
    Scalar hVap(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return this->hVap_[regionIdx]; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& oilvisctCurves() const
    { return oilvisctCurves_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefPress() const
    { return viscrefPress_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefRs() const
    { return viscrefRs_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& viscRef() const
    { return viscRef_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentRefTemp() const
    { return oildentRefTemp_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentCT1() const
    { return oildentCT1_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& oildentCT2() const
    { return oildentCT2_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& internalEnergyCurves() const
    { return internalEnergyCurves_; }
 
    bool enableInternalEnergy() const
    { return enableInternalEnergy_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& oilJTRefPres() const
    { return  oilJTRefPres_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>&  oilJTC() const
    { return oilJTC_; }
 
    bool operator==(const OilPvtThermal<Scalar>& data) const;
 
    OilPvtThermal<Scalar>& operator=(const OilPvtThermal<Scalar>& data);
 
private:
    IsothermalPvt* isothermalPvt_{nullptr};
 
    // The PVT properties needed for temperature dependence of the viscosity. We need
    // to store one value per PVT region.
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> oilvisctCurves_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> viscrefPress_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> viscrefRs_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> viscRef_{};
 
    // The PVT properties needed for temperature dependence of the density.
    std::vector<Scalar> oildentRefTemp_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> oildentCT1_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> oildentCT2_{};
 
    std::vector<Scalar> oilJTRefPres_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> oilJTC_{};
 
    std::vector<Scalar> rhoRefG_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> hVap_{};
 
    // piecewise linear curve representing the internal energy of oil
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> internalEnergyCurves_{};
 
    bool enableThermalDensity_{false};
    bool enableJouleThomson_{false};
    bool enableThermalViscosity_{false};
    bool enableInternalEnergy_{false};
};
 
} // namespace Opm
 
#endif